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Maintaining Timber Windows A well-maintained timber window is a significant element of the historical structure of a building. It reflects in different levels, the materials and technologies of the time period it was constructed, the design and craftsmanship. Whenever possible repairs to windows that are already in use should be done in situ. Repairing the worst areas of decay is possible using proprietary resin-based systems. Durability Timber windows were designed to last for hundreds of years. However, they do need to be maintained to ensure they look good and operating properly. Maintenance tasks include repairs to sash cables and retightening sash pulleys and painting. There is also a rising demand to upgrade timber windows to increase the efficiency of energy. This can include replacing old glazing units, repairing the window rebates that are in place or installing new cills to increase the air seal. The corrosion of paintwork is a major problem with traditional windows. This is especially true in the case of sash windows, as the gaps between sashes can be very large. In these situations water can enter the paint film and cause rotting of the wood or putty underneath. The weather can be a factor in accelerating the decay. To avoid this windows, they should be regularly painted with an exterior wood paint that is suitable. In addition to repainting, areas that have corroded need to be repaired with the help of a resin-based repair solution. This will ensure the maximum amount of original fabric retained. It is also important to reduce the number of holes drilled into the frame to allow cable entry since these could admit water and lead to decay. Another issue with older windows is the structural movement within the wall, which can cause deformation of the frame and the sash. This can result in sash not fitting correctly jamming, sticking or sagging in the opening, and broken glass. This can be corrected often by putting in new sash frames made of slow-growing deal (pine), or oak. The cill must be constructed of a durable hardwood like oak to prevent movement between the new and existing work. There are now several companies that manufacture Boston pattern wooden sash to fit in with the majority of openings. The sash is available in a range of sizes and finishes to meet the requirements of the modern homeowner. Together with quadruple draught strips and a better thermal insulation, these new sash options can make an enormous difference to the energy efficiency of a house. Aesthetics Many old timber windows have a high aesthetic value because they typically demonstrate, in a way the materials and techniques and architectural style of the period from which they originate. They may also have a significant historical significance in their in their own right. This is particularly true of early windows that were not glazed in timber-framed structures, where the majority were series openings in structural frames subdivided horizontally by mullions and vertical wood or iron bars to protect against intrusions. Traditional window joinery made of timber can be a stunning feature of a building and it is important to keep its appearance. When you spot any decay caused by moisture penetration it is crucial to stop it. It is best to do this with thorough painting, especially where there has been damage or deterioration. It is recommended to choose paints that are intended to be used in a system (primer undercoat and finish) and to follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for preparation and number of coats at each stage. Wet rot is a common problem for older timber windows. The best method to stop it from becoming a problem is to take out sections that are damaged or rotten immediately to prevent the spread of the fungus responsible for it. The replacement of rotting timber must be done with care with a slow-growing deal (pine) and, whenever feasible it is the same species as which is being removed to avoid differential movement between the new section and existing timbers. Glass became cheaper and more abundant during the late medieval period and into the 17th century. This led to glazed openings on timber-framed houses were more elaborate, with moulded mullions and traceries, made of wood and cills that protruded deep. In recent years, glazing was fixed to frames that were rebated using glazing sprigs, not lead cames. This method of glazing is not only less prone to leaks but it can allow for much wider clearer, more transparent sheets of glass to be used in windows than would otherwise be possible without the need for leaded lights. Energy efficiency Traditional timber windows offer a good energy performance due to their thickness and multi-layer construction, as well as meticulous attention to detail. The large glass areas, deep projecting cills and large glazing areas reduce air infiltration. The windows can be modified to improve their energy efficiency by draught-proofing and secondary glazing. However, it is important to keep in mind that these measures should be evaluated in the context of the overall integrity and appearance of the window in its original form. It makes sense to repair or upgrade existing windows, rather than replacing them, especially when the improvements in thermal efficiency can be achieved through simple repairs. Older windows are usually considered to be of historical value because they demonstrate a variety in technological advancements and changes to architectural style. The pressures to replace these windows are usually based on the assumption that the old windows will need replacement in the near future, but the majority of them are in a position to last for 150, 200 and even 250 years if they are properly maintained. It is crucial to understand that decay problems with traditional timber windows are easily prevented with prompt and thorough repairs. Additionally it is crucial to identify damp penetration problems and to remedy them quickly to prevent serious damage. Paint deterioration that occurs early could be a problem as it allows moisture to get into the wood, which can cause wet rot. It is not uncommon for this type of damage to go unnoticed until paintwork begins to crack or become curly. However, it can cause structural damage and lead to further decay. A good quality paint will prevent this moisture from entering. To prevent mould and condensation, it is important to keep the paintwork as clean as you can. repairmywindowsanddoors.co.uk could be a problem because they are usually formulated to be water-resistant, which can lead to the formation of mildew inside the window frame. The majority of windows from the past were made from timber that contained the majority of sapwood. These timbers can deteriorate quickly when exposed to rain, however they can be protected by a thorough preservation process prior to use. It is also crucial to ensure that the type of wood used is suited to the location and climate conditions, as these factors will influence the durability of the joinery. Local window manufacturers offer an array of sash timbers that can be adapted to fit historical openings. They can be built according to the standard Boston pattern dimensions, or to custom sizes that are in keeping with the architectural style of historic buildings. Maintenance The life of timber windows can be extended considerably by regular inspection as well as a careful redecoration and prompt repair. The main cause of decay is moisture leaking through the deteriorated paint and putty. This can be avoided by careful painting and using an excellent wood preservative. It is essential that repairs to old sash or casement windows are done correctly, and carried out with the minimum disturbance. Repairs can be made to several traditional designs of timber windows without having to remove the frame. This is a must whenever it is possible. Paint that is peeling or loose should be removed with care and sanded lightly to increase the 'key' of the surface and facilitate an easier adhesion of the new coating. It is important to avoid stripping paint layers that could have historical value If these are present, it is recommended that a study of the paint be carried out. When a section of wood is decayed, the best solution is to take it off and replace it with timber inserts that are shaped to match existing profiles. The inserted timber should also be treated with a wood preservative. The junction between masonry sub-cill and timber cill should be sealed. It is tempting to replace traditional windows with PVC u, particularly if the installer offers an installation that includes both removal and replacement in a single day. It is important that the installers of replacement windows have a deep understanding of the history and construction of traditional timber frames. This will enable them to make the appropriate recommendations for energy efficiency improvements and other technological upgrades that won't harm the historical character of a building. Those providing replacement windows should be registered with a Competent Persons Scheme like FENSA. This will ensure that the replacements are deemed to be approved by the Building Regulations as a suitable alternative. A skilled carpenter is able to install PVC-u windows that are suited to the original building's style. This is especially true when windows are situated in listed buildings and conservation areas.